Jumat, 08 Februari 2013

Si Penyelamat Air

Dolphins are marine mammals closely related to whales and porpoises. There are almost forty species of dolphin in 17 genera. They vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40 kg (90 lb) (Maui's dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (9.8 long tons; 11 short tons) (the orca or killer whale).



 They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, eating mostly fish andsquid



The family Delphinidae is the largest in the Cetacean order, and evolved relatively recently, about ten million years ago, during the Miocene.



 Dolphins are among the most intelligent animals, and their often friendly appearance, an artifact of the "smile" of their mouthline, and seemingly playful attitude have made them very popular in human culture.




The Bottlenose Dolphin is a carnivore mammal which lives in temperate and warm seas all over the world. 



They are known for their intelligence, they can emit over 1000 clicking sounds per second and listen for the return echo to figure out the shape and location of nearby objects, or even potential prey. 



The Bottlenose Dolphin can weigh over 500 kg. Find below a pictures gallery with the Bottlenose DolphinWhales are becoming fewer in number more quickly than the dolphins except for the fresh water dolphins whose numbers have deteriorated very rapidly. 




This is due to the thinning of the polar stratospheric ozone. The disappearance of the whales which depend directly and indirectly upon krill will become pronounced within about five years. 



Carnivorous whales such as the famous cause celebre, Willy, do not have a particularly bright future because of the accumulations of toxic chemicals in the food chains. 




These bad circumstances will worsen as human numbers continue to rise. Of course we wish humans would show some signs of slowing their population increase or opting for a reduction in their numbers. 



They show no signs of desiring to do so voluntarily. We are sorry to have to bring you the bad news.


Think globally, act locally. Americans are, of course are single largest cause of global habitat destruction. 



Curiously they continue to try to find fault in the wrong places. They set the wrong examples, use the platitudes to create complacency, and use red herrings to create confusion. 



They continue to use NASA as a political football, rather than as a tool to help stop habitat destruction. 


As they know full well, the gap between what they could be and should be doing, and what they actually do continues to widen.



 At best their efforts to stop habitat destruction and species extinctions can be described as penny wise and pound foolish. That's a good recipe for continued increasing rates of habitat destruction.
In 1933, three strange dolphins beached off the Irish coast; they appeared to be hybridsbetween Risso's and bottlenose dolphins. 



This mating was later repeated in captivity, producing a hybrid calf. In captivity, a bottlenose and a rough-toothed dolphin produced hybrid offspring.A common-bottlenose hybrid lives at SeaWorld California. 

Other dolphin hybrids live in captivity around the world or have been reported in the wild, such as a bottlenose-Atlantic spotted hybrid.



 The best known hybrid is the wolphin, a false killer whale-bottlenose dolphin hybrid. The wolphin is a fertile hybrid.



 Two wolphins currently live at the Sea Life Park in Hawaii; the first was born in 1985 from a male false killer whale and a female bottlenose. Wolphins have also been observed in the wild.



Dolphins, along with whales and porpoises, are descendants of terrestrial mammals, most likely of the Artiodactyl order




The ancestors of the modern-day dolphins entered the water roughly 50 million years ago, in theEocene epoch.

Dolphins have a streamlined fusiform body, adapted for fast swimming. The tail fin, called the fluke, is used for propulsion, while the pectoral finstogether with the entire tail section provide directional control. 




The dorsal fin, in those species that have one, provides stability while swimming. Though it varies by species, basic coloration patterns are shades of grey, usually with a lighter underside, often with lines and patches of different hue and contrast.Modern dolphin skeletons have two small, rod-shaped pelvic bones thought to be vestigial hind limbs. In October 2006, an unusual bottlenose dolphin was captured in Japan



it had small fins on each side of its genital slit, which scientists believe to be a more pronounced development of these vestigial hind limbs.

The head contains the melon, a round organ used for echolocation. In many species, elongated jaws form a distinct beak; species such as the bottlenose have a curved mouth which looks like a fixed smile. Some species have up to 250 teeth.



 Dolphins breathe through a blowhole on top of their head. The trachea isanterior to the brain. The dolphin brain is large and highly complex, and is different in structure from that of most land mammals.


Unlike most mammals, dolphins do not have hair, except for a few hairs around the tip of their rostrum (beak) which they lose shortly before or after birth. The only exception to this is the Boto river dolphin, which has persistent small hairs on the rostrum.



Dolphins' reproductive organs are located on the underside of the body. Males have two slits, one concealing the penis and one further behind for the anus. The female has one genital slit, housing the vagina and the anus. Two mammary slits are positioned on either side of the female's genital slit.



Though the exact methods used to achieve this are not known, dolphins can tolerate and recover from extreme injuries, such as shark bites. 



The healing process is rapid and even very deep wounds do not cause dolphins to hemorrhage to death. Furthermore, even gaping wounds restore in such a way that the animal's body shape is restored, and infection of such large wounds seems rare.

A study at the U.S. National Marine Mammal Foundation revealed that dolphins, like humans, develop a natural form of type 2 diabetes, which may lead to a better understanding of the disease and new treatments for both humans and dolphins.

Most dolphins have acute eyesight, both in and out of the water, and they can hear frequencies ten times or more above the upper limit of adult human hearing. Though they have a small ear opening on each side of their head, it is believed hearing underwater is also, if not exclusively, done with the lower jaw, which conducts sound to the middle ear via a fat-filled cavity in the lower jaw bone. 



Hearing is also used for echolocation, which all dolphins have. Dolphin teeth are believed to function as antennae to receive incoming sound and to pinpoint the exact location of an object. Beyond locating an object, echolocation also provides the animal with an idea on the object's shape and size, though how exactly this works is not yet understood.



The Indus Dolphin is effectively blind. This may be because not much light penetrates the waters of the Indus river (due to suspended sediments), making eyes futile.



The dolphin's sense of touch is also well-developed, with free nerve endings densely packed in the skin, especially around the snout, pectoral fins and genital area. However, dolphins lack an olfactory nerve and lobes, and thus are believed to have no sense of smell



They do have a sense of taste and show preferences for certain kinds of fish. Since dolphins spend most of their time below the surface, tasting the water could function like smelling, in that substances in the water can signal the presence of objects that are not in the dolphin’s mouth.



Though most dolphins do not have hair, they do have hair follicles that may perform some sensory function. The small hairs on the rostrum of the Boto river dolphin are believed to function as a tactile sense possibly to compensate for the Boto's poor eyesight.



Dolphins are often regarded as one of Earth's most intelligent animals, though it is hard to say just how intelligent. Comparing species' relative intelligence is complicated by differences in sensory apparatus, response modes, and nature of cognition. 




Furthermore, the difficulty and expense of experimental work with large aquatic animals has so far prevented some tests and limited sample size and rigor in others. Compared to many other species, however, dolphin behavior has been studied extensively, both in captivity and in the wild. See cetacean intelligence for more details.See also: Whale surfacing behaviour

Dolphins also display culture, something long believed to be unique to humans (and possibly other primate species). In May 2005, a discovery in Australia found Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) teaching their young to use tools. They cover their snouts with sponges to protect them while foraging. This knowledge is mostly transferred by mothers to daughters, unlike simian primates, where knowledge is generally passed on to both sexes. Using sponges as mouth protection is a learned behavior.



 Another learned behavior was discovered among river dolphins in Brazil, where some male dolphins use weeds and sticks as part of a sexual display. Dolphins are social, living in pods of up to a dozen individuals. In places with a high abundance of food, pods can merge temporarily, forming a superpod; such groupings may exceed 1,000 dolphins. Individuals communicate using a variety of clicks, whistle-like sounds and other vocalizations. Membership in pods is not rigid; interchange is common.



 However, dolphins can establish strong social bonds; they will stay with injured or ill individuals, even helping them to breathe by bringing them to the surface if needed. This altruism does not appear to be limited to their own species however. The dolphin Moko in New Zealand has been observed guiding a female Pygmy Sperm Whale together with her calf out of shallow water where they had stranded several times. They have also been seen protecting swimmers from sharks by swimming circles around the swimmers or charging the sharks to make them go away.

Dolphins engage in acts of aggression towards each other. The older a male dolphin is, the more likely his body is to be covered with bite scars. Male dolphins engage in such acts of aggression apparently for the same reasons as humans: disputes between companions and competition for females. Acts of aggression can become so intense that targeted dolphins sometimes go into exile as a result of losing a fight.
Male bottlenose dolphins have been known to engage in infanticide. Dolphins have also been known to kill porpoises for reasons which are not fully understood, as porpoises generally do not share the same diet as dolphins, and are therefore not competitors for food supplies.

Dolphin copulation happens belly to belly; though many species engage in lengthy foreplay, the actual act is usually brief, but may be repeated several times within a short timespan. The gestation period varies with species; for the small Tucuxi dolphin, this period is around 11 to 12 months, while for the orca, the gestation period is around 17 months. Typically dolphins give birth to a single calf, which is, unlike most other mammals, born tail first in most cases.They usually become sexually active at a young age, even before reaching sexual maturity. The age of sexual maturity varies by species and gender.
Dolphins are known to have sex for reasons other than reproduction, sometimes also engaging in homosexual behavior. Various species sometimes engage in sexual behavior including copulation with other dolphin species. Sexual encounters may be violent, with male dolphins sometimes showing aggressive behavior towards both females and other males.Occasionally, dolphins behave sexually towards other animals, including humans.
Various methods of feeding exist among and within species, some apparently exclusive to a single population. Fish and squid are the main food, but the false killer whale and the orca also feed on other marine mammals.
One common feeding method is herding, where a pod squeezes a school of fish into a small volume, known as a bait ball. Individual members then take turns plowing through the ball, feeding on the stunned fish. Coralling is a method where dolphins chase fish into shallow water to catch them more easily. In South Carolina, the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin takes this further with "strand feeding", driving prey onto mud banks for easy access. In some places, orcas come to the beach to capture sea lions. Some species also whack fish with their flukes, stunning them and sometimes knocking them out of the water.
Reports of cooperative human-dolphin fishing date back to the ancient Roman author and natural philosopher Pliny the Elder. A modern human-dolphin partnership currently operates in LagunaSanta CatarinaBrazil. Here, dolphins drive fish towards fishermen waiting along the shore and signal the men to cast their nets. The dolphins’ reward is the fish that escape the nets.
Dolphins are capable of making a broad range of sounds using nasal airsacs located just below the blowhole. Roughly three categories of sounds can be identified: frequency modulated whistles, burst-pulsed sounds and clicks. Dolphins communicate with whistle-like sounds produced by vibrating connective tissue, similar to the way human vocal cords function, and through burst-pulsed sounds, though the nature and extent of that ability is not known. The clicks are directional and are for echolocation, often occurring in a short series called a click train. The click rate increases when approaching an object of interest. Dolphin echolocation clicks are amongst the loudest sounds made by marine animals.
Play is an important part of dolphin culture. Dolphins play with seaweed and play-fight with other dolphins. At times they harass other local creatures, like seabirds and turtles. Dolphins enjoy riding waves and frequently surf coastal swells and the bow waves of boats, at times “leaping” between the dual bow waves of a moving catamaran. Occasionally, they playfully interact with swimmers. Captive dolphins have been observed in aquariums engaging in complex play behavior which involves the creation and manipulation of bubble rings.Dolphins occasionally leap above the water surface, and sometimes perform acrobatic figures (for example, thespinner dolphin). Scientists are not certain about the purpose(s) of the acrobatics. Possibilities include locating schools of fish by looking at above-water signs like feeding birds, communicating with other dolphins, dislodging parasites or simple amusement.

Except for humans (discussed below), dolphins have few natural enemies. Some species or specific populations have none, making them apex predators. For most of the smaller species of dolphins, only a few of the larger sharks, such as the bull sharkdusky sharktiger shark and great white shark, are a potential risk, especially for calves. Some of the larger dolphinic species, especiallyorcas (killer whales), may also prey on smaller dolphins, but this seems rare. Dolphins also suffer from a wide variety of diseasesand parasites.[citation needed]Generally, dolphins sleep with only one brain hemisphere in slow-wave sleep at a time, thus maintaining enough consciousness to breathe and to watch for possible predators and other threats. Earlier sleep stages can occur simultaneously in both hemispheres. In captivity, dolphins seemingly enter a fully asleep state where both eyes are closed and there is no response to mild external stimuli. In this case, respiration is automatic; a tail kick reflex keeps the blowhole above the water if necessary. Anesthetized dolphins initially show a tail kick reflex. Though a similar state has been observed with wild sperm whales, it is not known if dolphins in the wild reach this state. The Indus river dolphin has a sleep method that is different from that of other dolphin species. Living in water with strong currents and potentially dangerous floating debris, it must swim continuously to avoid injury. As a result, this species sleeps in very short bursts which last between 4 and 60 seconds.
Pesticides, heavy metals, plastics, and other industrial and agricultural pollutants that do not disintegrate rapidly in the environment concentrate in predators such as dolphins.Injuries or deaths due to collisions with boats, especially their propellers, are also common.Some dolphin species face an uncertain future, especially some river dolphin species such as the Amazon river dolphin, and the Ganges and Yangtze river dolphin, which are critically or seriously endangered. A 2006 survey found no individuals of the Yangtze river dolphin, which now appears to be functionally extinct.
Various fishing methods, most notably purse seine fishing for tuna and the use of driftand gill nets, unintentionally kill many dolphins. Accidental by-catch in gill nets and incidental captures in antipredator nets that protect marine fish farms are common and pose a risk for mainly local dolphin populations. In some parts of the world, such as Taiji in Japan and the Faroe Islands, dolphins are traditionally considered as food, and are killed in harpoon or drive hunts.Dolphin meat is high in mercury, and may thus pose a health danger to humans when consumed.
Dolphin safe labels attempt to reassure consumers fish and other marine products have been caught in a dolphin-friendly way. The earliest campaigns with "Dolphin safe" labels were initiated in the 1980s with collusion between marine activists and the major tuna companies, and involved decreasing incidental dolphin kills by up to 50% by changing the type of nets used to catch tuna. The dolphins are netted only while fishermen are in pursuit of smaller tuna. Albacore are not netted this way, making albacore the only truly dolphin-safe tuna.
Loud underwater noises, such as those resulting from naval sonar use, live firing exercises, or certain offshore construction projects, such as wind farms, may be harmful to dolphins, increasing stress, damaging hearing, and causing decompression sickness by forcing them to surface too quickly to escape the noise.

Dolphins have long played a role in human culture. Dolphins are common in Greek mythology and there are many coins from ancient Greece which feature a man or boy or deity riding on the back of a dolphin. The Ancient Greeks welcomed dolphins; spotting dolphins riding in a ship’s wake was considered a good omen. In Hindu mythology, the Ganges River Dolphin is associated with Ganga, the deity of the Gangesriver.See also: Dolphins in mythology
The 1973 movie The Day of the Dolphin portrays kidnapped dolphins performing a naval military assassination using explosives. This was also explored in the similarly namedThe Simpsons Treehouse of Horror episode, "Night of the Dolphin", where Lisa frees a dolphin at an aquarium exhibit and unwittingly initiates their plan to overthrow the land-dwellers and live in their place. The 1990s science fiction television series seaQuest DSV featured a bottlenose dolphin named Darwin who could communicate using avocoder, a fictional invention which translated clicks and whistles to English and back.In more recent times, the 1963 film Flipper and the subsequent 1964 television seriespopularized dolphins in Western society. The series, created by Ivan Tors, portrayed a dolphin as a kind of seagoing version of Lassie, the collie made popular in the 1950s TV series. Flipper was a bottlenose dolphin who understood commands and always behaved heroically. Flipper was remade as a film in 1996.
The 1995 movie Johnny Mnemonic portrays an ex-military dolphin named Jones who tries to find a password for Johnny by decrypting data in the latter's head.
Killer whales have also been portrayed in film, though to a lesser extent than bottlenose dolphins. The 1977 horror movie Orca portrayed killer whales as intelligent and capable of pair-bonding and aggressive behavior. In the movie, a male killer whale takes revenge on fishermen after they kill his mate. The 1993 movie Free Willy made a star of the Orca playing Willy, Keiko.

The renewed popularity of dolphins in the 1960s resulted in the appearance of many dolphinaria around the world, making dolphins accessible to the public. Criticism and animal welfare laws forced many to close, although hundreds still exist around the world. In the United States, the best known are the SeaWorld marine mammal parks. In the middle east the best known are dolphin bay atAtlantis, The Palm and the Dubai Dolphinarium.
Organizations such as the Mote Marine Laboratory rescue and rehabilitate sick, wounded, stranded or orphaned dolphins, while others, such as the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society and Hong Kong Dolphin Conservation Society, work on dolphin conservation and welfare. India has declared the Dolphin as its national aquatic animal in an attempt to protect the endangeredGanges River Dolphin. The Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary has been created in the Ganges river for the protection of the animals.
Various scientists who have researched Dolphin behaviour have proposed that their unusually high intelligence compared to other animals means that dolphins should be seen as non-human persons that should have their own specific rights, and that it is morallyunacceptable to keep them captive for entertainment purposes, or to kill them; either intentionally for consumption or as by-catch.
Orcas, the largest species of dolphin, have been involved in fatal attacks on humans in captivity. The record-holder of documented orca fatal attacks is a male named Tilikum, that belongs to SeaWorld and has played a role in the death of three people in three different incidents (1991, 1999 and 2010). There are documented incidents in the wild too, but none of them fatal.Although dolphins generally interact well with humans, some attacks have occurred, most of them resulting in small injuries. The attacks can occur both in the wild and captivity.
Fatal attacks from other species are less common, but there is a registered occurrence off the coast of Brazil in 1994, when a man died after being attacked by a bottlenose dolphin named Tião.Tião had suffered harassment by human visitors, including attempts to stick ice cream sticks down his blowhole. Non-fatal incidents occur more frequently, both in wild and captivity.
While dolphin attacks occur far less frequently than attacks by other sea animals, such as sharks, some scientists are worried about the careless programs of human-dolphin interaction. Dr. Andrew J. Read, a biologist at the Duke University Marine Laboratory who studies dolphin attacks, points out that dolphins are large and wild predators, so people should be more careful when they interact with them.
Dolphins are an increasingly popular choice of animal-assisted therapy for psychological problems and developmental disabilities. For example, a 2005 study found dolphins an effective treatment for mild to moderate depression. However, this study was criticized on several grounds. For example, it is not known whether dolphins are more effective than common pets. Reviews of this and other published dolphin-assisted therapy (DAT) studies have found important methodological flaws and have concluded that there is no compelling scientific evidence that DAT is a legitimate therapy or that it affords more than fleeting mood improvement.

Lumba-lumba adalah mamalia laut yang sangat cerdas, selain itu sistem alamiah yang melengkapi tubuhnya sangat kompleks. Sehingga banyak teknologi yang terinspirasi dari lumba-lumba. Salah satu contoh adalah kulit lumba-lumba yang mampu memperkecil gesekan dengan air, sehingga lumba-lumba dapat berenang dengan sedikit hambatan air. Hal ini yang digunakan para perenang untuk merancang baju renang yang mirip kulit lumba-lumba.

Lumba-lumba memiliki sebuah sistem yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dan menerima rangsang yang dinamakan sistem sonar, sistem ini dapat menghindari benda-benda yang ada di depan lumba-lumba, sehingga terhindar dari benturan. Teknologi ini kemudian diterapkan dalam pembuatan radar kapal selam. Lumba-lumba adalah binatang menyusui. Mereka hidup di laut dan sungai di seluruh dunia. Lumba-lumba adalah kerebat paus dan pesut. Ada lebih dari 40 jenis lumba-lumba.

Bayi lumba-lumba yang baru lahir akan dibawa ke permukaan oleh induknya agar bias menghirup udara. Lumba-lumba perlu naik ke permukaan untuk bernafas supaya tetap hidup. Lumba-lumba bernafas melalui lubang udara yang terletak di atas kepalnya. Tubuhnya yang licin dan ramping sangat sesuai untuk berenang. Induk lumba-lumba menyusui anaknya dengan susu yang gurih dan menyediakan energi bagi anaknya supaya cepat besar. Setiap anak lumba-lumba selalu berada di dekat induknya, sehingga ibunya bisa melindungi dari bahaya. Lumba-lumba selalu menjaga hubungan dengan anaknya hingga tumbuh semakin besar. Induk lumba-lumba memanggil anak anaknya dengan siulan khusus yang bisa mereka kenali.
Lumba-lumba hidup dan bekerja dalam kelompok atau disebut kawanan. Mereka sering bermain bersama. Seekor lumba-lumba tidak bisa tidur nyenyak di bawah air. Ia bisa tenggelam. Oleh karena itu, ia setengah tidur beberapa saat dalam sehari. Lumba-lumba makan cumi dan ikan seperti ikan mullet abu-abu. Kadang kadang Lumba-lumba menggiring kawanan ikan agar mudah ditangkap. Lumba-lumba mencari jalan dengan mengirimkan suara didalam air. Jika suara itu mengenai suatu benda, suara itu akan dipantulkan kembali sebagai gema. Kadang kadang, suara gaduh di laut akibat pengeboran minyak dapat membingungkan lumba-lumba. Mereka akan mengalami kesulitan dalam mengirim dan menerima pesan.

Manusia senantiasa tertarik dengan kisah lumba-lumba. Bangsa Romawi telah membuat gambar mozaik lumba-lumba sekitar 2.000 tahun lalu. Sekarang, manusia senang berenang di laut bersama binatang yang pandai dan bersahabat seperti lumba-lumba. Lumba-lumba harus berhati hati terhadap ikan hiu yang mungkin menyerang mereka sewaktu waktu. Mereka melindungi diri dengan gigi giginya, kadang-kadang mereka menggunakan paruhnya sebagai pelantak. Manusia dapat menjala banyak sekali ikan bagi lumba-lumba untuk makanannya. Terkadang, lumba-lumba tertangkap oleh jaring nelayan. Mereka tidak dapat menghirup napas di permukaan, akibatnya mereka tenggelam. Ketika bahan kimia yang berbahaya dibuang ke laut, limbah itu bisa meracuni makanan yang dimakan lumba-lumba. Pembangunan waduk di sungai dan pengeringan danau hanya menyisakan sedikit tempat bagi binatang seperti lumba-lumba Brazil untuk hidup.

Lumba-lumba tergolong sebagai mamalia yang cerdas. Lumba-lumba dapat menolong manusia, bila lumba-lumba sudah terlatih, bahkan lingkaran api pun dapat mereka terobos. Singa laut, spesies primata, ikan paus dan anjing juga termasuk binatang yang cerdas. Lumba-lumba yang sudah terlatih dapat melakukan berbagai atraksi dan mereka juga dapat berhitung, tetapi Lumba-lumba liar belum dapat melakukan berbagai atraksi. Sekarang ini, lumba-lumba dan ikan paus sudah langka, maka lumba-lumba dan ikan paus harus dilindungi. Lumba-lumba dan ikan paus telah mulai dilindungi di seluruh dunia.



Lumba lumba, hewan mamalia air yang satu ini tak asing lagi bagi kita semua, melambangkan persahabatan dan juga sosoknya yang ramah, lucu dan imut membuat manusia cepat akrab dan menyukai hewan yang satu ini. banyak pihak memanfaatkan lumba lumba, seperti pihak militer AS yang pernah melakukan percobaan terhadap lumba lumba untuk misi Spionase (mata mata).

Lumba lumba memiliki kemampuan unik yang sesungguhnya bila kita sebagai manusia jeli bisa menangkap maksut dari perubahan perilaku lumba lumba tsb. kemampuan unik nya tersebut antara lain, suka menolong manusia yang kebetulan tersesat atau terombang ambing di tengah laut ( biasanya lumba lumba menolong dan membimbing menuju perairan), selain itu bisa juga mengetahui kapan bencana gempa akan terjadi.

Semua itu memungkinkan karena lumba lumba merupakan hewan yang sangat mudah untuk dilatih. diperkirakan terdapat antara 30 sampai 40 jenis lumba-lumba, 5 diantara nya merupakan lumba lumba yang hidup di air tawar. Walaupun mereka hidup di dalam air, lumba-lumba adalah mamalia yang bernafas melalui blowhole, yang terletak di bagian atas kepala mereka. Beberapa jenis lumba-lumba harus naik ke permukaan untuk bernafas setiap 20 sampai 30 detik. Lumba-lumba sangat sosial, gemar bermain, teliti, dan cerdas. Mereka hidup dalam kelompok atau keluarga yang disebut Pods. Lumba lumba berisitirahat dengan hanya mengaktifkan setengah dari otak mereka, dan mata nya terbuka sebelah. Hal ini memungkinkan mereka untuk naik ke permukaan untuk bernafas dan untuk melindungi diri dari predator. lumba lumba jantan biasa disebut Bulls (banteng) sedangkan betina nya di sebut Cows (sapi). Lumba-lumba dapat mencapai kecepatan 60 km/jam nya atau 37 mph. Selain itu Kedua sisi otak lumba-lumba bekerja secara terpisah. Selama 8 jam, kedua sisi otak itu sadar. Kemudian sisi yang kiri akan tidur selama 8 jam. Setelah sisi itu terbangun, sisi yang kanan akan tidur selama 8 jam. Dengan demikian lumba-lumba bisa tidur selama 8 jam tanpa harus berhenti secara fisik dan terus berenang.


Lumba lumba menggunaka suara untuk indera penglihatan nya, menggunakan suara untuk mencari kearah mana dia harus berenang mencari makan, yang unik saat lumba lumba mengeluarkan suara nya untuk mencari ikan ikan kecil makanan nya, maka ikan ikan kecil itu akan tidak berdaya. fakta lain yang mungkin teman teman sering mengetahuinya adalah mereka suka mengiringi kapal kapal yang berlayar di tengah lautan di sisi kiri kanan lambung kapal,

Beberapa tahun belakangan ini, banyak ikan lumba lumba diburu untuk dijadikan bahan makanan oleh karena memiliki khasiat kesehatan. Hal ini sungguh sangat menyedihkan dikarenakan bisa memulai kepunahan hewan lucu itu dari muka bumi, sering saya dengar mereka terdampar di pesisir pantai karena akibat dari terganggunya sistem navigasi yang di karenakan gelombang panas atau adanya gangguan lain di laut. Bila gendang telinga binatang itu rusak, mereka akan kehilangan arah, dan kemudian muncul ke permukaan lalu berenang tak tentu arah. Lindungi Lumba lumba.

Melihat Dengan Suara
Kita selalu melihat lumba-lumba di permukaan air. Tapi mereka menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya di kedalaman lautan; tempat yang menyulitkan untuk melihat sesama mereka dan mencari makan. Tapi, lumba-lumba dapat melihat lebih baik dalam gelapnya lautan daripada kemampuan kita melihat dalam terangnya cahaya. Lalu, bagaimanakah mereka dapat melakukan ini?


llah menciptakan lumba-lumba dengan sistemnya yang lengkap dan sempurna, yang memungkinkan mereka menemukan arah dengan merasakan getaran suara. Para ilmuwan menamakan sistem ini "ekolokasi". Bagaimana mereka dapat melakukannya?
Lumba-lumba bernapas melalui lubang yang ada di atas kepalanya. Tepat di bawah lubang ini, terdapat kantung-kantung kecil berisi udara. Dengan mengalirkan udara melalui kantung-kantung ini, mereka menghasilkan suara bernada tinggi.


Kantung udara ini berperan sebagai cermin akustik yang memfokuskan suara yang dihasilkan gumpalan kecil jaringan lemak yang berada tepat di bawah lubang pernapasan. Kemudian, suara ekolokasi ini dipancarkan ke arah sekitarnya secara terputus-putus.
 Suara lumba-lumba segera memantul kembali bila membentur benda apa pun. Lumba-lumba mendengarkan seksama pantulan suara ini. Gelombang suara ini ditangkap di bagian rahang bawahnya yang disebut "jendela akustik". Dari sini, informasi suara diteruskan ke telinga bagian tengah, dan akhirnya ke otak untuk diterjemahkan. Pantulan suara dari sekelilingnya memberi informasi rinci tentang jarak benda-benda dari mereka, berikut ukuran dan pergerakannya.

Berkat perangkat ini, lumba-lumba dapat memindai wilayah yang luas; bahkan memetakan samudra. Inilah sistem sonar sempurna yang dengannya lumba-lumba memindai dasar laut layaknya alat pemindai elektronik.
Sistem berteknologi tinggi yang terbuat dari daging dan tulang yang ditempatkan dalam tubuh seekor makhluk laut adalah bukti kehebatan dan kesempurnaan ciptaan Allah.
Kapal selam modern menemukan arah dengan menggunakan sonar. Lumba-lumba telah menggunakan teknologi jutaan tahun lebih awal dibandingkan manusia yang baru menemukannya di abad ke-20. Mustahil seekor binatang mampu memiliki sistem sedemikian menakjubkan atas kehendaknya sendiri. Sistem tak tertandingi pada lumba-lumba adalah bukti bahwa Allah telah menciptakan mereka.
Sistem sonar frekuensi tinggi ini tidak hanya berfungsi mengindra benda-benda di lautan. Lumba-lumba juga menggunakannya untuk mencari makan.

Lumba-lumba dalam suatu kelompok mengarahkan gelombang suara kuat ini pada sekelompok ikan. Dengan cara ini, mereka membuyarkan kawanan ikan dan dengan mudah menangkapnya. Ikan dilumpuhkan dengan senjata ini, dan turut menjadi mangsa mudah bagi burung-burung laut.
Lumba-lumba juga menggunakan sistem sonar untuk berkomunikasi secara mengagumkan. Mereka mampu saling berkirim pesan meski terpisahkan oleh jarak lebih dari 220 km. Artinya, seekor lumba-lumba di selat Bosphorus dapat berkomunikasi dengan rekannya di selat Dardanela. Lumba-lumba paling sering berkomunikasi secara menakjubkan untuk menemukan pasangan dan saling mengingatkan akan bahaya.

Tidur Dengan Sebelah Mata dan Sebelah Otak
Allah menciptakan setiap makhluk dengan sistem penglihatan menakjubkan sesuai keperluannya. Manusia memiliki mata mengagumkan yang memungkinkan mereka melihat di daratan. Tapi di dalam air, penglihatannya sangat kabur. Alasannya, mata manusia tidak mampu fokus di dalam air.


Sebagai jalan keluar, kita menggunakan kacamata renang yang membentuk kantung udara di sekeliling mata. Kita hanya mampu melihat jelas dengan bantuan kacamata ini.

Sama halnya, manusia menggunakan kamera berteknologi tinggi untuk memotret di dalam air. Mata lumba-lumba layaknya kamera khusus yang memungkinkan mereka melihat jelas di bawah dan di atas permukaan air. Mereka memiliki lensa mata kenyal yang dapat mengembang dan mengerut sehingga mampu berfokus di bawah dan di atas permukaan air.

Ini sangat diperlukan bagi lumba-lumba. Setiap kali muncul ke permukaan, lumba-lumba secara seksama memperhatikan pergerakan kawanan burung di sekitar mereka. Sebab, di tempat burung berkumpullah terdapat sekumpulan ikan. Lumba-lumba sangat tahu akan hal ini, dan memanfaatkannya untuk mencari mangsa dengan mudah.


Desain istimewa mata lumba-lumba juga melindungi mata mereka dari air laut yang asin.
Mata lumba-lumba memiliki ciri khusus lainnya: setiap mata dapat berfokus pada satu titik yang berbeda pada saat bersamaan. Karenanya, seekor lumba-lumba dapat melihat ke depan dengan satu mata untuk menentukan arah berenangnya sambil berjaga-jaga dari bahaya dengan mata yang lain. Bila perlu, lumba-lumba dapat menutup salah satu matanya dan mengisitirahatkan separuh otaknya. Selang beberapa lama, ia ganti melakukan hal yang sama pada mata dan separuh otaknya yang lain.

Dengan cara ini, lumba-lumba tidak pernah tertidur penuh dan selalu terjaga dari bahaya.
Pendukung teori evolusi menyatakan, makhluk hidup dengan seluruh sistem sempurnanya muncul ke dunia dengan sendirinya tanpa sengaja diciptakan. Jika ini benar, maka sistem sonar dan perangkat penglihatan lumba-lumba yang canggih itu juga ada karena kebetulan, padahal tak seorang pun akan berkata bahwa sistem sonar elektronik atau kamera ada dengan sendirinya tanpa sengaja dibuat.

Anggapan bahwa mata lumba-lumba yang berteknologi jauh melebihi kamera biasa, atau desain sistem sonarnya terbentuk secara kebetulan semata, sungguh tidak masuk akal. Keberadaan perangkat berteknologi maju pada tubuh seekor makhluk hidup menunjukkan kita pada satu kenyataan pasti: Allah menciptakan lumba-lumba dan memberi mereka keistimewaan.

Kulit Yang Bergerak Menggelombang
Manusia berupaya membuat kapal laut yang tahan terhadap segala keadaan. Namun, ada satu lagi rintangan utama yang harus diatasi oleh kapal laut, yakni kuatnya gaya hambatan air. Semakin cepat kapal bergerak, semakin besar hambatan airnya.

 Karenanya, para insinyur hidrodinamika berusaha menjadikan hambatan ini sekecil mungkin ketika merancang kapal, perahu, dan kapal selam. Tenaga sangat besar pada motor pendorong kapal laut diperlukan guna mengimbangi gaya hambat ini.

Lumba-lumba senang berenang dengan kecepatan tinggi. Tentunya, kapal laut dengan kecepatan seperti ini akan mengalami gaya hambat sangat kuat. Namun ini bukan masalah bagi lumba-lumba karena Allah, yang menciptakan mereka dari ketiadaan, telah menciptakan segala perangkat yang mereka perlukan. Tubuh dan kulitnya dirancang khusus untuk mengurangi hambatan air sebanyak mungkin.
Saat lumba-lumba mulai berenang cepat, lapisan tipis air terbentuk di permukan kulit mereka. Lapisan tipis air ini dinamakan "lapisan penghalang".

Kulit ini diciptakan dengan kelenturan yang memungkinkannya bergerak menggelombang ketika turbulensi terjadi. Kulit ini mencegah terjadinya gaya hambat air dengan bergerak menggelombang berlawanan arah dengan gerak turbulensi pada "lapisan penghalang". Hasilnya, gerakan renang yang cepat tanpa menimbulkan suara. Desain ini sungguh merupakan keajaiban teknik.

Setelah empat tahun penelitian, para insinyur Jerman yang menemukan desain kulit lumba-lumba, menirunya dan berhasil membuat lapisan luar kapal selam dengan sifat yang sama. Kapal selam yang dirancang menggunakan lapisan ini berhasil menaikkan 250 % kecepatannya.
Rancangan menakjubkan yang berusaha ditiru oleh manusia ini mustahil ada begitu saja dengan sendirinya tanpa disengaja. Sistem sempurna tanpa cacat tersebut pastilah dibuat oleh suatu

Kecerdasan Maha Tinggi.
Sekali lagi, ini membuktikan kepada kita, Allah telah menciptakan lumba-lumba. Rancangan menakjubkan pada lumba-lumba hanyalah satu di antara contoh tak terhitung yang memperlihatkan kesempurnaan penciptaan.
Dalam sebuah ayat Alquran, Allah mengungkapkan:
"Untuk menjadi pelajaran dan peringatan bagi tiap-tiap hamba yang kembali (mengingat Allah). "(QS Qaaf [50]:8)


Lumba-lumba berkembang biak dengan cara melahirkan. Bayi lumba lumba yang baru lahir di dalam air akan dibawa ke permukaan air oleh induknya agar dapat menghirup udara. Lumba lumba perlu naik ke permukaan untuk bernafas supaya tetap hidup.

ewan ini bernafas melalui lubang udara yang terletak di atas kepalnya. Tubuhnya yang licin dan ramping sangat sesuai untuk berenang.
Induk lumba lumba menyusui anaknya dengan susu yang gurih dan menyediakan energi bagi anaknya supaya cepat besar.
Setiap anak lumba lumba selalu berada di dekat induknya, sehingga ibunya bisa melindungi dari bahaya.
Lumba lumba selalu menjaga hubungan dengan anaknya. Induk lumba lumba memanggil anak anaknya dengan siulan khusus yang bisa mereka kenali

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